Canadian Manuscript Report of

......................................................................................................... V 1.0 INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................................1 1.1 NAME, CLASSIFICATION AND IDENTIFIERS..........................................1 1.2 DESCRIPTION...........................................................................................2 1.2.1 Genetics...............................................................................................2 2.0 DISTRIBUTION..............................................................................................3 2.1 GLOBAL NATIVE DISTRIBUTION.............................................................3 2.2 NATIVE DISTRIBUTION IN CANADA........................................................4 2.3 NON-NATIVE DISTRIBUTION...................................................................6 3.0 BIOLOGY AND NATURAL HISTORY............................................................7 3.1 AGE AND GROWTH..................................................................................7 3.2 PHYSIOLOGICAL TOLERANCES.............................................................8 3.2.1 Temperature ........................................................................................8 3.2.2 Oxygen ................................................................................................8 3.2.3 pH ........................................................................................................8 3.2.4 Salinity .................................................................................................8 3.3 REPRODUCTION ......................................................................................9 3.3.1 Spawning behaviour, fecundity and yield.............................................9 3.4 FEEDING AND DIET................................................................................10 3.4.1 Juvenile diet ........................................................................................11 3.4.2 Adult diet............................................................................................11 3.5 HABITAT REQUIREMENTS ....................................................................11 3.5.1 Water depth .......................................................................................12 3.5.2 Changes in habitat preference with life stage ....................................12 3.6 INTERSPECIFIC INTERACTIONS ..........................................................13 3.7 BEHAVIOUR AND MOVEMENTS............................................................13 3.7.1 Spawning migrations..........................................................................13 3.8 PARASITES, DISEASES AND CONTAMINANTS ...................................14 3.8.1 Viral diseases ....................................................................................14 3.8.2 Bioaccumulation of environmental toxins...........................................15 4.0 USE BY HUMANS .......................................................................................15